AP® Gov: Constitutional Amendments

One of the most important goals of civics education is to get students to understand the imperfections of the constitutional system of the United States. The system, webbed together through a series of compromises, reflects the values of the authors, largely based upon Judeo-Christian values, shaped, of course, by the Enlightenment, and an intense fascination with the structures and systems of ancient Greece and Rome. This two-day project, at the culmination of the year, or a unit on the Constitution, helps students to think about constitutional amendments and how they can be improved upon to meet the needs of the 21^st century.

Going into this lesson, I will often start by introducing the nature of constitutional amendments. There are two very important points here. First, it is important for students to know how constitutional amendments are approved with supermajority support in both chambers of Congress and three-fourths of the states. Often, students do not appreciate how difficult this is to achieve. Going over failed constitutional amendments, such as the ERA, can better help students to understand the magnitude of securing ratification of a new constitutional amendment. Second, this is a great way to teach into how the amendment procedure reflects the unique nature of federalism. The system of federalism is engrained over many aspects of the national government and the amendment procedure is yet another way.

When doing the two-day attached project, students tend to enjoy the choice incorporated into the assignment, and the opportunity to connect the problems of the United States Constitution into contemporary debate. Giving students the flexibility to pick the issues they examine and make connections to the world around them is the type of civics reasoning skills our young people need for our democracy. This lesson works well when not only studying the Constitution, but also a class on current events.

In summation, it is important to consider the United States Constitution from multiple perspectives. This project allows for this. The final act of each group introducing and voting on a constitutional amendment adds an aura of authenticity that is hard to replicate. Students will enjoy uncovering and debating the nuances of proposed changes to the Constitution. Ultimately, very few constitutional amendments are passed in my class (due to the three-fourths threshold) and that serves as a learning opportunity. Students are challenged to reflect on why it is so challenging to create constitutional change and forced to grapple with the question of whether the Constitutional system is broken or in fact, working as the founders intended, by charting the course towards stability and incrementalism.

Pat Sprinkle is a 13th year history teacher at the NYC Lab School for Collaborative Studies, teaching AP^® U.S. History and AP^® U.S. Politics and Government. Pat is a graduate of The Ohio State University and Columbia University. Pat has served as a member of the Teacher Advisory Council for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, National Humanities Center, and the National Constitution Center. In addition, Pat was a 2013 James Madison Fellow along with a 2021 C-SPAN Fellow. Pat lives in Jersey City, NJ with his wife, son (Franklin), and dog (Lyndon).